Abstract

The main issue of the present study is how to explain the orientations of science and technology policy in the Second Step Declaration of the Revolution and identify the policy requirements arising from it. The present study was conducted with a qualitative approach and using the document analysis method. The theoretical framework of the study is based on the theory of the "National Innovation System", and the components of this theory have been used as an analytical framework to examine the orientations of science, technology, and innovation in the Second Step Declaration and related documents. The research findings show that the Second Step Statement provides important capacities for guiding science and technology policy-making in areas such as developing science and research, strengthening human capital, developing technology, supporting innovative capacities, and moving towards a knowledge-based economy. However, realizing these capacities requires strengthening communication between actors in the science and technology system, increasing institutional coordination, developing mechanisms for knowledge transfer and commercialization, strengthening learning and interaction between universities, the government, and the production sector, and creating coherence in science, technology, and innovation policy-making. Accordingly, the research concludes that realizing the scientific and technological orientations of the Second Step Statement requires a transition from fragmented and partial policy-making to systematic, interactive policy-making based on linkages between actors in the national innovation system.